Source code for holoviews.element.raster

from operator import itemgetter

import numpy as np
import colorsys
import param

from ..core import util, config, Dimension, Element2D, Overlay, Dataset
from ..core.data import ImageInterface, GridInterface
from ..core.data.interface import DataError
from ..core.dimension import dimension_name
from ..core.boundingregion import BoundingRegion, BoundingBox
from ..core.sheetcoords import SheetCoordinateSystem, Slice
from .chart import Curve
from .geom import Selection2DExpr
from .graphs import TriMesh
from .tabular import Table
from .util import compute_slice_bounds, categorical_aggregate2d


[docs]class Raster(Element2D): """ Raster is a basic 2D element type for presenting either numpy or dask arrays as two dimensional raster images. Arrays with a shape of (N,M) are valid inputs for Raster whereas subclasses of Raster (e.g. RGB) may also accept 3D arrays containing channel information. Raster does not support slicing like the Image or RGB subclasses and the extents are in matrix coordinates if not explicitly specified. """ kdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('x'), Dimension('y')], bounds=(2, 2), constant=True, doc=""" The label of the x- and y-dimension of the Raster in form of a string or dimension object.""") group = param.String(default='Raster', constant=True) vdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('z')], bounds=(1, None), doc=""" The dimension description of the data held in the matrix.""") def __init__(self, data, kdims=None, vdims=None, extents=None, **params): if data is None or isinstance(data, list) and data == []: data = np.zeros((0, 0)) if extents is None: (d1, d2) = data.shape[:2] extents = (0, 0, d2, d1) super(Raster, self).__init__(data, kdims=kdims, vdims=vdims, extents=extents, **params) def __getitem__(self, slices): if slices in self.dimensions(): return self.dimension_values(slices) slices = util.process_ellipses(self,slices) if not isinstance(slices, tuple): slices = (slices, slice(None)) elif len(slices) > (2 + self.depth): raise KeyError("Can only slice %d dimensions" % 2 + self.depth) elif len(slices) == 3 and slices[-1] not in [self.vdims[0].name, slice(None)]: raise KeyError("%r is the only selectable value dimension" % self.vdims[0].name) slc_types = [isinstance(sl, slice) for sl in slices[:2]] data = self.data.__getitem__(slices[:2][::-1]) if all(slc_types): return self.clone(data, extents=None) elif not any(slc_types): return data else: return self.clone(np.expand_dims(data, axis=slc_types.index(True)), extents=None)
[docs] def range(self, dim, data_range=True, dimension_range=True): idx = self.get_dimension_index(dim) if data_range and idx == 2: dimension = self.get_dimension(dim) if self.data.size == 0: return np.nan, np.nan lower, upper = np.nanmin(self.data), np.nanmax(self.data) if not dimension_range: return lower, upper return util.dimension_range(lower, upper, dimension.range, dimension.soft_range) return super(Raster, self).range(dim, data_range, dimension_range)
[docs] def dimension_values(self, dim, expanded=True, flat=True): """ The set of samples available along a particular dimension. """ dim_idx = self.get_dimension_index(dim) if not expanded and dim_idx == 0: return np.array(range(self.data.shape[1])) elif not expanded and dim_idx == 1: return np.array(range(self.data.shape[0])) elif dim_idx in [0, 1]: values = np.mgrid[0:self.data.shape[1], 0:self.data.shape[0]][dim_idx] return values.flatten() if flat else values elif dim_idx == 2: arr = self.data.T return arr.flatten() if flat else arr else: return super(Raster, self).dimension_values(dim)
[docs] @classmethod def collapse_data(cls, data_list, function, kdims=None, **kwargs): param.main.param.warning( 'Raster.collapse_data is deprecated, collapsing ' 'may now be performed through concatenation ' 'and aggregation.') if isinstance(function, np.ufunc): return function.reduce(data_list) else: return function(np.dstack(data_list), axis=-1, **kwargs)
[docs] def sample(self, samples=[], bounds=None, **sample_values): """ Sample the Raster along one or both of its dimensions, returning a reduced dimensionality type, which is either a ItemTable, Curve or Scatter. If two dimension samples and a new_xaxis is provided the sample will be the value of the sampled unit indexed by the value in the new_xaxis tuple. """ if isinstance(samples, tuple): X, Y = samples samples = zip(X, Y) params = dict(self.param.get_param_values(onlychanged=True), vdims=self.vdims) if len(sample_values) == self.ndims or len(samples): if not len(samples): samples = zip(*[c if isinstance(c, list) else [c] for _, c in sorted([(self.get_dimension_index(k), v) for k, v in sample_values.items()])]) table_data = [c+(self._zdata[self._coord2matrix(c)],) for c in samples] params['kdims'] = self.kdims return Table(table_data, **params) else: dimension, sample_coord = list(sample_values.items())[0] if isinstance(sample_coord, slice): raise ValueError( 'Raster sampling requires coordinates not slices,' 'use regular slicing syntax.') # Indices inverted for indexing sample_ind = self.get_dimension_index(dimension) if sample_ind is None: raise Exception("Dimension %s not found during sampling" % dimension) other_dimension = [d for i, d in enumerate(self.kdims) if i != sample_ind] # Generate sample slice sample = [slice(None) for i in range(self.ndims)] coord_fn = (lambda v: (v, 0)) if not sample_ind else (lambda v: (0, v)) sample[sample_ind] = self._coord2matrix(coord_fn(sample_coord))[abs(sample_ind-1)] # Sample data x_vals = self.dimension_values(other_dimension[0].name, False) ydata = self._zdata[tuple(sample[::-1])] if hasattr(self, 'bounds') and sample_ind == 0: ydata = ydata[::-1] data = list(zip(x_vals, ydata)) params['kdims'] = other_dimension return Curve(data, **params)
[docs] def reduce(self, dimensions=None, function=None, **reduce_map): """ Reduces the Raster using functions provided via the kwargs, where the keyword is the dimension to be reduced. Optionally a label_prefix can be provided to prepend to the result Element label. """ function, dims = self._reduce_map(dimensions, function, reduce_map) if len(dims) == self.ndims: if isinstance(function, np.ufunc): return function.reduce(self.data, axis=None) else: return function(self.data) else: dimension = dims[0] other_dimension = [d for d in self.kdims if d.name != dimension] oidx = self.get_dimension_index(other_dimension[0]) x_vals = self.dimension_values(other_dimension[0].name, False) reduced = function(self._zdata, axis=oidx) if oidx and hasattr(self, 'bounds'): reduced = reduced[::-1] data = zip(x_vals, reduced) params = dict(dict(self.param.get_param_values(onlychanged=True)), kdims=other_dimension, vdims=self.vdims) params.pop('bounds', None) params.pop('extents', None) return Table(data, **params)
@property def depth(self): return len(self.vdims) @property def _zdata(self): return self.data def _coord2matrix(self, coord): return int(round(coord[1])), int(round(coord[0])) def __len__(self): return np.product(self._zdata.shape)
[docs]class Image(Selection2DExpr, Dataset, Raster, SheetCoordinateSystem): """ Image represents a regularly sampled 2D grid of an underlying continuous space of intensity values, which will be colormapped on plotting. The grid of intensity values may be specified as a NxM sized array of values along with a bounds, but it may also be defined through explicit and regularly spaced x/y-coordinate arrays of shape M and N respectively. The two most basic supported constructors of an Image therefore include: Image((X, Y, Z)) where X is a 1D array of shape M, Y is a 1D array of shape N and Z is a 2D array of shape NxM, or equivalently: Image(Z, bounds=(x0, y0, x1, y1)) where Z is a 2D array of shape NxM defining the intensity values and the bounds define the (left, bottom, top, right) edges of four corners of the grid. Other gridded formats which support declaring of explicit x/y-coordinate arrays such as xarray are also supported. Note that the interpretation of the orientation of the array changes depending on whether bounds or explicit coordinates are used. """ bounds = param.ClassSelector(class_=BoundingRegion, default=BoundingBox(), doc=""" The bounding region in sheet coordinates containing the data.""") datatype = param.List(default=['grid', 'xarray', 'image', 'cube', 'dataframe', 'dictionary']) group = param.String(default='Image', constant=True) kdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('x'), Dimension('y')], bounds=(2, 2), constant=True, doc=""" The label of the x- and y-dimension of the Raster in the form of a string or dimension object.""") vdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('z')], bounds=(1, None), doc=""" The dimension description of the data held in the matrix.""") rtol = param.Number(default=None, doc=""" The tolerance used to enforce regular sampling for regular, gridded data where regular sampling is expected. Expressed as the maximal allowable sampling difference between sample locations.""") _ndim = 2 def __init__(self, data, kdims=None, vdims=None, bounds=None, extents=None, xdensity=None, ydensity=None, rtol=None, **params): supplied_bounds = bounds if isinstance(data, Image): bounds = bounds or data.bounds xdensity = xdensity or data.xdensity ydensity = ydensity or data.ydensity if rtol is None: rtol = data.rtol extents = extents if extents else (None, None, None, None) if (data is None or (isinstance(data, (list, tuple)) and not data) or (isinstance(data, np.ndarray) and data.size == 0)): data = data if isinstance(data, np.ndarray) and data.ndim == 2 else np.zeros((0, 0)) bounds = 0 if not xdensity: xdensity = 1 if not ydensity: ydensity = 1 elif isinstance(data, np.ndarray) and data.ndim < self._ndim: raise ValueError('%s type expects %d-D array received %d-D ' 'array.' % (type(self).__name__, self._ndim, data.ndim)) if rtol is not None: params['rtol'] = rtol else: params['rtol'] = config.image_rtol Dataset.__init__(self, data, kdims=kdims, vdims=vdims, extents=extents, **params) if not self.interface.gridded: raise DataError("%s type expects gridded data, %s is columnar. " "To display columnar data as gridded use the HeatMap " "element or aggregate the data (e.g. using rasterize " "or np.histogram2d)." % (type(self).__name__, self.interface.__name__)) dim2, dim1 = self.interface.shape(self, gridded=True)[:2] if bounds is None: xvals = self.dimension_values(0, False) l, r, xdensity, _ = util.bound_range(xvals, xdensity, self._time_unit) yvals = self.dimension_values(1, False) b, t, ydensity, _ = util.bound_range(yvals, ydensity, self._time_unit) bounds = BoundingBox(points=((l, b), (r, t))) elif np.isscalar(bounds): bounds = BoundingBox(radius=bounds) elif isinstance(bounds, (tuple, list, np.ndarray)): l, b, r, t = bounds bounds = BoundingBox(points=((l, b), (r, t))) data_bounds = None if self.interface is ImageInterface and not isinstance(data, (np.ndarray, Image)): data_bounds = self.bounds.lbrt() non_finite = all(not util.isfinite(v) for v in bounds.lbrt()) if non_finite: bounds = BoundingBox(points=((0, 0), (0, 0))) xdensity = xdensity or 1 ydensity = ydensity or 1 else: l, b, r, t = bounds.lbrt() xdensity = xdensity if xdensity else util.compute_density(l, r, dim1, self._time_unit) ydensity = ydensity if ydensity else util.compute_density(b, t, dim2, self._time_unit) SheetCoordinateSystem.__init__(self, bounds, xdensity, ydensity) if non_finite: self.bounds = BoundingBox(points=((np.nan, np.nan), (np.nan, np.nan))) self._validate(data_bounds, supplied_bounds) def _validate(self, data_bounds, supplied_bounds): if len(self.shape) == 3: if self.shape[2] != len(self.vdims): raise ValueError("Input array has shape %r but %d value dimensions defined" % (self.shape, len(self.vdims))) # Ensure coordinates are regularly sampled clsname = type(self).__name__ xdim, ydim = self.kdims xvals, yvals = (self.dimension_values(d, expanded=False, flat=False) for d in self.kdims) invalid = [] if xvals.ndim > 1: invalid.append(xdim) if yvals.ndim > 1: invalid.append(ydim) if invalid: dims = '%s and %s' % tuple(invalid) if len(invalid) > 1 else '%s' % invalid[0] raise ValueError('{clsname} coordinates must be 1D arrays, ' '{dims} dimension(s) were found to have ' 'multiple dimensions. Either supply 1D ' 'arrays or use the QuadMesh element for ' 'curvilinear coordinates.'.format( clsname=clsname, dims=dims)) xvalid = util.validate_regular_sampling(xvals, self.rtol) yvalid = util.validate_regular_sampling(yvals, self.rtol) msg = ("{clsname} dimension{dims} not evenly sampled to relative " "tolerance of {rtol}. Please use the QuadMesh element for " "irregularly sampled data or set a higher tolerance on " "hv.config.image_rtol or the rtol parameter in the " "{clsname} constructor.") dims = None if not xvalid: dims = ' %s is ' % xdim if yvalid else '(s) %s and %s are' % (xdim, ydim) elif not yvalid: dims = ' %s is' % ydim if dims: self.param.warning( msg.format(clsname=clsname, dims=dims, rtol=self.rtol)) if not supplied_bounds: return if data_bounds is None: (x0, x1), (y0, y1) = (self.interface.range(self, kd.name) for kd in self.kdims) xstep = (1./self.xdensity)/2. ystep = (1./self.ydensity)/2. if not isinstance(x0, util.datetime_types): x0, x1 = (x0-xstep, x1+xstep) if not isinstance(y0, util.datetime_types): y0, y1 = (y0-ystep, y1+ystep) bounds = (x0, y0, x1, y1) else: bounds = data_bounds not_close = False for r, c in zip(bounds, self.bounds.lbrt()): if isinstance(r, util.datetime_types): r = util.dt_to_int(r) if isinstance(c, util.datetime_types): c = util.dt_to_int(c) if util.isfinite(r) and not np.isclose(r, c, rtol=self.rtol): not_close = True if not_close: raise ValueError('Supplied Image bounds do not match the coordinates defined ' 'in the data. Bounds only have to be declared if no coordinates ' 'are supplied, otherwise they must match the data. To change ' 'the displayed extents set the range on the x- and y-dimensions.') def __setstate__(self, state): """ Ensures old-style unpickled Image types without an interface use the ImageInterface. Note: Deprecate as part of 2.0 """ self.__dict__ = state if isinstance(self.data, np.ndarray): self.interface = ImageInterface super(Dataset, self).__setstate__(state)
[docs] def clone(self, data=None, shared_data=True, new_type=None, link=True, *args, **overrides): """ Returns a clone of the object with matching parameter values containing the specified args and kwargs. If shared_data is set to True and no data explicitly supplied, the clone will share data with the original. May also supply a new_type, which will inherit all shared parameters. """ if data is None and (new_type is None or issubclass(new_type, Image)): sheet_params = dict(bounds=self.bounds, xdensity=self.xdensity, ydensity=self.ydensity) overrides = dict(sheet_params, **overrides) return super(Image, self).clone(data, shared_data, new_type, link, *args, **overrides)
def aggregate(self, dimensions=None, function=None, spreadfn=None, **kwargs): agg = super(Image, self).aggregate(dimensions, function, spreadfn, **kwargs) return Curve(agg) if isinstance(agg, Dataset) and len(self.vdims) == 1 else agg def select(self, selection_specs=None, **selection): """ Allows selecting data by the slices, sets and scalar values along a particular dimension. The indices should be supplied as keywords mapping between the selected dimension and value. Additionally selection_specs (taking the form of a list of type.group.label strings, types or functions) may be supplied, which will ensure the selection is only applied if the specs match the selected object. """ if selection_specs and not any(self.matches(sp) for sp in selection_specs): return self selection = {self.get_dimension(k).name: slice(*sel) if isinstance(sel, tuple) else sel for k, sel in selection.items() if k in self.kdims} coords = tuple(selection[kd.name] if kd.name in selection else slice(None) for kd in self.kdims) shape = self.interface.shape(self, gridded=True) if any([isinstance(el, slice) for el in coords]): bounds = compute_slice_bounds(coords, self, shape[:2]) xdim, ydim = self.kdims l, b, r, t = bounds.lbrt() # Situate resampled region into overall slice y0, y1, x0, x1 = Slice(bounds, self) y0, y1 = shape[0]-y1, shape[0]-y0 selection = (slice(y0, y1), slice(x0, x1)) sliced = True else: y, x = self.sheet2matrixidx(coords[0], coords[1]) y = shape[0]-y-1 selection = (y, x) sliced = False datatype = list(util.unique_iterator([self.interface.datatype]+self.datatype)) data = self.interface.ndloc(self, selection) if not sliced: if np.isscalar(data): return data elif isinstance(data, tuple): data = data[self.ndims:] return self.clone(data, kdims=[], new_type=Dataset, datatype=datatype) else: return self.clone(data, xdensity=self.xdensity, datatype=datatype, ydensity=self.ydensity, bounds=bounds) def closest(self, coords=[], **kwargs): """ Given a single coordinate or multiple coordinates as a tuple or list of tuples or keyword arguments matching the dimension closest will find the closest actual x/y coordinates. """ if kwargs and coords: raise ValueError("Specify coordinate using as either a list " "keyword arguments not both") if kwargs: coords = [] getter = [] for k, v in kwargs.items(): idx = self.get_dimension_index(k) if np.isscalar(v): coords.append((0, v) if idx else (v, 0)) else: if isinstance(v, list): coords = [(0, c) if idx else (c, 0) for c in v] if len(coords) not in [0, len(v)]: raise ValueError("Length of samples must match") elif len(coords): coords = [(t[abs(idx-1)], c) if idx else (c, t[abs(idx-1)]) for c, t in zip(v, coords)] getter.append(idx) else: getter = [0, 1] getter = itemgetter(*sorted(getter)) if len(coords) == 1: coords = coords[0] if isinstance(coords, tuple): return getter(self.closest_cell_center(*coords)) else: return [getter(self.closest_cell_center(*el)) for el in coords] def range(self, dim, data_range=True, dimension_range=True): idx = self.get_dimension_index(dim) dimension = self.get_dimension(dim) if idx in [0, 1] and data_range and dimension.range == (None, None): l, b, r, t = self.bounds.lbrt() return (b, t) if idx else (l, r) else: return super(Image, self).range(dim, data_range, dimension_range) def table(self, datatype=None): """ Converts the data Element to a Table, optionally may specify a supported data type. The default data types are 'numpy' (for homogeneous data), 'dataframe', and 'dictionary'. """ self.param.warning( "The table method is deprecated and should no longer " "be used. Instead cast the %s to a a Table directly." % type(self).__name__) if datatype and not isinstance(datatype, list): datatype = [datatype] from ..element import Table return self.clone(self.columns(), new_type=Table, **(dict(datatype=datatype) if datatype else {})) def _coord2matrix(self, coord): return self.sheet2matrixidx(*coord)
[docs]class RGB(Image): """ RGB represents a regularly spaced 2D grid of an underlying continuous space of RGB(A) (red, green, blue and alpha) color space values. The definition of the grid closely matches the semantics of an Image and in the simplest case the grid may be specified as a NxMx3 or NxMx4 array of values along with a bounds, but it may also be defined through explicit and regularly spaced x/y-coordinate arrays. The two most basic supported constructors of an RGB element therefore include: RGB((X, Y, R, G, B)) where X is a 1D array of shape M, Y is a 1D array of shape N and R/G/B are 2D array of shape NxM, or equivalently: RGB(Z, bounds=(x0, y0, x1, y1)) where Z is a 3D array of stacked R/G/B arrays with shape NxMx3/4 and the bounds define the (left, bottom, top, right) edges of the four corners of the grid. Other gridded formats which support declaring of explicit x/y-coordinate arrays such as xarray are also supported. Note that the interpretation of the orientation changes depending on whether bounds or explicit coordinates are used. """ group = param.String(default='RGB', constant=True) alpha_dimension = param.ClassSelector(default=Dimension('A',range=(0,1)), class_=Dimension, instantiate=False, doc=""" The alpha dimension definition to add the value dimensions if an alpha channel is supplied.""") vdims = param.List( default=[Dimension('R', range=(0,1)), Dimension('G',range=(0,1)), Dimension('B', range=(0,1))], bounds=(3, 4), doc=""" The dimension description of the data held in the matrix. If an alpha channel is supplied, the defined alpha_dimension is automatically appended to this list.""") _ndim = 3 _vdim_reductions = {1: Image} @property def rgb(self): """ Returns the corresponding RGB element. Other than the updating parameter definitions, this is the only change needed to implemented an arbitrary colorspace as a subclass of RGB. """ return self
[docs] @classmethod def load_image(cls, filename, height=1, array=False, bounds=None, bare=False, **kwargs): """ Returns an raster element or raw numpy array from a PNG image file, using matplotlib. The specified height determines the bounds of the raster object in sheet coordinates: by default the height is 1 unit with the width scaled appropriately by the image aspect ratio. Note that as PNG images are encoded as RGBA, the red component maps to the first channel, the green component maps to the second component etc. For RGB elements, this mapping is trivial but may be important for subclasses e.g. for HSV elements. Setting bare=True will apply options disabling axis labels displaying just the bare image. Any additional keyword arguments will be passed to the Image object. """ try: from matplotlib import pyplot as plt except: raise ImportError("RGB.load_image requires matplotlib.") data = plt.imread(filename) if array: return data (h, w, _) = data.shape if bounds is None: f = float(height) / h xoffset, yoffset = w*f/2, h*f/2 bounds=(-xoffset, -yoffset, xoffset, yoffset) rgb = cls(data, bounds=bounds, **kwargs) if bare: rgb = rgb(plot=dict(xaxis=None, yaxis=None)) return rgb
def __init__(self, data, kdims=None, vdims=None, **params): if isinstance(data, Overlay): images = data.values() if not all(isinstance(im, Image) for im in images): raise ValueError("Input overlay must only contain Image elements") shapes = [im.data.shape for im in images] if not all(shape==shapes[0] for shape in shapes): raise ValueError("Images in the input overlays must contain data of the consistent shape") ranges = [im.vdims[0].range for im in images] if any(None in r for r in ranges): raise ValueError("Ranges must be defined on all the value dimensions of all the Images") arrays = [(im.data - r[0]) / (r[1] - r[0]) for r,im in zip(ranges, images)] data = np.dstack(arrays) if vdims is None: vdims = list(self.vdims) else: vdims = list(vdims) if isinstance(vdims, list) else [vdims] alpha = self.alpha_dimension if ((hasattr(data, 'shape') and data.shape[-1] == 4 and len(vdims) == 3) or (isinstance(data, tuple) and isinstance(data[-1], np.ndarray) and data[-1].ndim == 3 and data[-1].shape[-1] == 4 and len(vdims) == 3) or (isinstance(data, dict) and tuple(dimension_name(vd) for vd in vdims)+(alpha.name,) in data)): # Handle all forms of packed value dimensions vdims.append(alpha) super(RGB, self).__init__(data, kdims=kdims, vdims=vdims, **params)
[docs]class HSV(RGB): """ HSV represents a regularly spaced 2D grid of an underlying continuous space of HSV (hue, saturation and value) color space values. The definition of the grid closely matches the semantics of an Image or RGB element and in the simplest case the grid may be specified as a NxMx3 or NxMx4 array of values along with a bounds, but it may also be defined through explicit and regularly spaced x/y-coordinate arrays. The two most basic supported constructors of an HSV element therefore include: HSV((X, Y, H, S, V)) where X is a 1D array of shape M, Y is a 1D array of shape N and H/S/V are 2D array of shape NxM, or equivalently: HSV(Z, bounds=(x0, y0, x1, y1)) where Z is a 3D array of stacked H/S/V arrays with shape NxMx3/4 and the bounds define the (left, bottom, top, right) edges of the four corners of the grid. Other gridded formats which support declaring of explicit x/y-coordinate arrays such as xarray are also supported. Note that the interpretation of the orientation changes depending on whether bounds or explicit coordinates are used. """ group = param.String(default='HSV', constant=True) alpha_dimension = param.ClassSelector(default=Dimension('A',range=(0,1)), class_=Dimension, instantiate=False, doc=""" The alpha dimension definition to add the value dimensions if an alpha channel is supplied.""") vdims = param.List( default=[Dimension('H', range=(0,1), cyclic=True), Dimension('S',range=(0,1)), Dimension('V', range=(0,1))], bounds=(3, 4), doc=""" The dimension description of the data held in the array. If an alpha channel is supplied, the defined alpha_dimension is automatically appended to this list.""") hsv_to_rgb = np.vectorize(colorsys.hsv_to_rgb) @property def rgb(self): """ Conversion from HSV to RGB. """ coords = tuple(self.dimension_values(d, expanded=False) for d in self.kdims) data = [self.dimension_values(d, flat=False) for d in self.vdims] hsv = self.hsv_to_rgb(*data[:3]) if len(self.vdims) == 4: hsv += (data[3],) params = util.get_param_values(self) del params['vdims'] return RGB(coords+hsv, bounds=self.bounds, xdensity=self.xdensity, ydensity=self.ydensity, **params)
[docs]class QuadMesh(Selection2DExpr, Dataset, Element2D): """ A QuadMesh represents 2D rectangular grid expressed as x- and y-coordinates defined as 1D or 2D arrays. Unlike the Image type a QuadMesh may be regularly or irregularly spaced and contain either bin edges or bin centers. If bin edges are supplied the shape of the x/y-coordinate arrays should be one greater than the shape of the value array. The default interface expects data to be specified in the form: QuadMesh((X, Y, Z)) where X and Y may be 1D or 2D arrays of the shape N(+1) and M(+1) respectively or N(+1)xM(+1) and the Z value array should be of shape NxM. Other gridded formats such as xarray are also supported if installed. The grid orientation follows the standard matrix convention: An array Z with shape (nrows, ncolumns) is plotted with the column number as X and the row number as Y. """ group = param.String(default="QuadMesh", constant=True) kdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('x'), Dimension('y')], bounds=(2, 2), constant=True) vdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('z')], bounds=(1, None)) _binned = True def __init__(self, data, kdims=None, vdims=None, **params): if data is None or isinstance(data, list) and data == []: data = ([], [], np.zeros((0, 0))) super(QuadMesh, self).__init__(data, kdims, vdims, **params) if not self.interface.gridded: raise DataError("%s type expects gridded data, %s is columnar. " "To display columnar data as gridded use the HeatMap " "element or aggregate the data (e.g. using " "np.histogram2d)." % (type(self).__name__, self.interface.__name__)) def __setstate__(self, state): """ Ensures old-style QuadMesh types without an interface can be unpickled. Note: Deprecate as part of 2.0 """ if 'interface' not in state: self.interface = GridInterface x, y = state['_kdims_param_value'] z = state['_vdims_param_value'][0] data = state['data'] state['data'] = {x.name: data[0], y.name: data[1], z.name: data[2]} super(Dataset, self).__setstate__(state) def trimesh(self): """ Converts a QuadMesh into a TriMesh. """ # Generate vertices xs = self.interface.coords(self, 0, edges=True) ys = self.interface.coords(self, 1, edges=True) if xs.ndim == 1: if np.all(xs[1:] < xs[:-1]): xs = xs[::-1] if np.all(ys[1:] < ys[:-1]): ys = ys[::-1] xs, ys = (np.tile(xs[:, np.newaxis], len(ys)).T, np.tile(ys[:, np.newaxis], len(xs))) vertices = (xs.T.flatten(), ys.T.flatten()) # Generate triangle simplexes shape = self.dimension_values(2, flat=False).shape s0 = shape[0] t1 = np.arange(np.product(shape)) js = (t1//s0) t1s = js*(s0+1)+t1%s0 t2s = t1s+1 t3s = (js+1)*(s0+1)+t1%s0 t4s = t2s t5s = t3s t6s = t3s+1 t1 = np.concatenate([t1s, t6s]) t2 = np.concatenate([t2s, t5s]) t3 = np.concatenate([t3s, t4s]) ts = (t1, t2, t3) for vd in self.vdims: zs = self.dimension_values(vd) ts = ts + (np.concatenate([zs, zs]),) # Construct TriMesh params = util.get_param_values(self) params['kdims'] = params['kdims'] + TriMesh.node_type.kdims[2:] nodes = TriMesh.node_type(vertices+(np.arange(len(vertices[0])),), **{k: v for k, v in params.items() if k != 'vdims'}) return TriMesh(((ts,), nodes), **{k: v for k, v in params.items() if k != 'kdims'})
[docs]class HeatMap(Selection2DExpr, Dataset, Element2D): """ HeatMap represents a 2D grid of categorical coordinates which can be computed from a sparse tabular representation. A HeatMap does not automatically aggregate the supplied values, so if the data contains multiple entries for the same coordinate on the 2D grid it should be aggregated using the aggregate method before display. The HeatMap constructor will support any tabular or gridded data format with 2 coordinates and at least one value dimension. A simple example: HeatMap([(x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), ...]) However any tabular and gridded format, including pandas DataFrames, dictionaries of columns, xarray DataArrays and more are supported if the library is importable. """ group = param.String(default='HeatMap', constant=True) kdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('x'), Dimension('y')], bounds=(2, 2), constant=True) vdims = param.List(default=[Dimension('z')], constant=True) def __init__(self, data, kdims=None, vdims=None, **params): super(HeatMap, self).__init__(data, kdims=kdims, vdims=vdims, **params) self.gridded = categorical_aggregate2d(self) @property def _unique(self): """ Reports if the Dataset is unique. """ return self.gridded.label != 'non-unique' def range(self, dim, data_range=True, dimension_range=True): """Return the lower and upper bounds of values along dimension. Args: dimension: The dimension to compute the range on. data_range (bool): Compute range from data values dimension_range (bool): Include Dimension ranges Whether to include Dimension range and soft_range in range calculation Returns: Tuple containing the lower and upper bound """ dim = self.get_dimension(dim) if dim in self.kdims: try: self.gridded._binned = True if self.gridded is self: return super(HeatMap, self).range(dim, data_range, dimension_range) else: drange = self.gridded.range(dim, data_range, dimension_range) except: drange = None finally: self.gridded._binned = False if drange is not None: return drange return super(HeatMap, self).range(dim, data_range, dimension_range)